They were faster, stronger, and larger than normal orcs, and could travel during the day without being weakened, although they still did not like it.
Saruman fed them with human flesh. The chapter "The Uruk-hai" details some differences among the orcs. It was the dead Uruks from Isengard whom Aragorn found remarkable. The Uruk-hai of Isengard were the tallest of these orcs, and had large hands and thick, straight legs, while the orcs of Mordor are described as bow-legged. Although the Isengarders still did not like the light of the sun, they could withstand it, unlike other orcs. The orcs of Mordor were all long-armed and crook-legged, not as tall as the Isengarders but larger and more powerful than the orcs from Moria.
The orcs of Moria in turn could see better in the dark than the Isengarders. The Lord of the Rings describes several differences in the equipment and heraldry of Uruks and other orcs.
In contrast, Aragorn comments that the Uruk-hai of Saruman were not equipped in the manner of other orcs at all: instead of curved scimitars, they used short broad-bladed swords; and they wore iron helms marked with the Elf-rune Certh which had the value of "S". It was clear the "S" stood for Saruman, considering Sauron's general desire not to have his name written or spoken.
Saruman's Uruks used black shields emblazoned with a white hand, a symbol of Saruman. The book speculates that various hybrids of Orcs and Men, possibly including the Uruk-hai, are under Saruman's command, including in the Shire. Some of these called "half-orcs" in The Two Towers, were sallow-skinned, squint-eyed and as tall as men.
Merry describes them as "horrible: man-high, but with goblin-faces", thus implicitly contrasting them with Orcs and Saruman's Uruk-hai. An account of the first Battle of the Fords of Isen in Unfinished Tales apparently treats Uruk-hai and "orc-men" separately. Thus while Sauron's Uruks are stronger and more martial than your run-of-the-mill orc, they will still tend to be somewhat smaller and of course less sun-tolerant than Saruman's Uruk-hai.
Tolkien plainly states that Uruks were first seen in Third Age , while Saruman did not start his hybridization experiments earlier than TA the War of the Ring takes place in TA Because the Uruks are a much older breed and represent a 'higher form' of Orc, they would likely be the starting point for Saruman's breeding program.
The terms orc and goblin are synonymous, so you could as easily say Uruk-hai are crosses between men and goblins. Again "Uruk-hai" refers to hybrids- some of which are mostly men and some of which are mostly orc. Theory 2: The word 'Uruks' is an English approximation of the Black Speech term 'Uruk-hai' It took me a while to catch on to the subtleties of this theory, but let me attempt to explain.
The most direct translation of Uruk-hai which is a name in Black Speech , an invented language of Tolkien's is "Orc-folk". Several of Tolkien's languages follow this mode of changing singular to collective plural, most notably Sindarin.
Again, this is a manner of making a singular term into a plural term- the same thing that the English language generally accomplishes by adding the letter 's'.
According to Theory 2, Uruk-hai and Uruks are simply synonyms, and both refer to large soldier-orcs used by both Sauron and Saruman. The entire group of Uruk-hai would then not have been created by Saruman, would not be more sun-tolerant, and neither would they be hybrids although some Uruk-hai would have been all three! Does that clear anything up? I didn't think so. Arvedui Stargazer. Do I sense another ' Uruks vs. Uruk-hai ' emerging? That would be great, cause the original is still one of the best, if not in fact the best thread on TTF.
Those that haven't read it should spare the time needed to do so. Melko Belcha Member. LotR - Appendix F Orc is the form of the name that other races had for this foul people as it was in the language of Rohan.
In Sindarin it was orch. Related, no doubt, was the word uruk of the Black Speech , though this was applied as a rule only to the great soilder-orcs that at this time issued from Mordor and Isengard. LotR - Appendix A In the last years of Denethor I the race of uruks , black orcs of great strength, first appeared out of Mordor, and in they swept across Ithilien and took Osgiliath.
The Uruks first appeared out of Mordor around years before Saruman moved into Orthanc. Many Uruks from the Misty Mountains came into service of Saruman. Orcs began to raid in the eastern regions and slay or steal horses. Others also came down from the Misty Mountains, many being great uruks in the service of Saruman, though it was long before that was suspected.
But there was still Uruks in Moria that worked for Sauron. It is a mark of evil things that came in the Great Darkness that they cannot abide the Sun; but Saruman's Orcs can endure it, even if they hate it. I wonder what he has done?
Are they Men he has ruined, or has he blended the races of Orcs and Men? That would be a black evil!
Do you know, they reminded me at once of that Southerner at Bree , only he was not so obviously orc-like as most of these were. We learn in some of Tolkien 's later writtings that Saruman bred Men-orcs and Orc-men. Morgoth 's Ring - Myths Transformed There is no doubt that long afterwards, in the Third Age , Saruman rediscovered this, or learned of it in lore, and in his lust for mastery committed this, his wickedest deed: the interbreeding of Orcs and Men, producing both Men-orcs large and cunning, and Orc-men treacherous and vile.
As soon as the enemy had gained possession of the eastern end of the Fords there appeared a company of men or Orc-men We also learn about the squint-eyed southerner in Bree. Unfinished Tales - The Hunt for the Ring Some while ago one of Saruman's most trusted servants yet a ruffianly fellow, an outlaw driven from Dunland , where many said that he had Orc-blood had returned from the borders of the Shire , where he had been negotiating for the purpose of "leaf" and other supplies This Dunlending was overtaken by seceral of the Black Riders as they approached the Tharbad crossing The Witch-king had now a clearer understanding of the matter Seeing that his Master suspected some move between the Shire and Bree the position of which he knew would be an important point, at least for information.
He put therefore the Shadow of fear on the Dunlending, and sent him on to Bree as an agent. He was the squint-eyed southerner at the Inn. When Strider and the Hobbits left Bree Frodo caught a glimpse of the Dunlending "a swallow face with sly, slanting eyes" in Bill Ferny's house on the outskirts of Bree, and thought: "He looks more than half like a goblin.
I don't believe it is either. I believe hai means either troop or company, or some military term. The Orcs lower down had suddenly seen something. You can see that the Orc is using Hai to call the other Orcs, as if he was calling his troop or company.
Also the Orcs of Mordor call Saurman's Uruk-hai rebels, why would they be rebels if they are working for the person who created them? RotK - The Land of Shadow Tar-Elenion Member. Something I wrote for a discussion over at Michael Martinez' sf-fandom so slightly out of context here : Uruk-hai and Uruks.
In this essay I will offer evidence that the terms Uruks and Uruk-hai are interchangeable and both terms refer to the 'great-soldier orcs ' that issued from both Mordor and Isengard.
That Saruman had Uruk-hai in his service is undoubted. There are numerous direct references to the Uruk-hai of Saruman in the main narrative text of LotR. These primarily occur in the chapters The Uruk-hai and Helm's Deep.
Within these chapters the Isengarders refer to themselves as "fighting Uruk-hai" or the "Uruk-hai of Isengard", and once simply as "the Uruk-hai" when addressing Aragorn before the walls of Helm's Deep. There are two other occurances of the term Uruk-hai within the main narrative, once in narrative format when reporting Pippin 's feelings in the chapter Minas Tirith "No hours so dark had Pippin known, not even in the clutches of the Uruk-hai" , and once in the chapter Land of Shadow when Sam and Frodo overhear a conversation between a soldier-orc and a tracker in Mordor in a passage which reads: " 'Whose blame's that?
That comes from Higher Up. First they say it's a great Elf in bright armour, then it's a sort of small dwarf-man, then it must be a pack of rebel Uruk-hai; or maybe it's all the lot together. There are four uses of the term 'Uruks' in the main narrative, once in Khazad-dum when Gandalf refers to: " black Uruks of Mordor" Bridge of Khazad-dum , once when Sam overhears Gorbag say: "Always the poor Uruks to put slips right, and small thanks" The Choices of Master Samwise while in Shelob's Lair , and twice in narrative format in The Land of Shadow "large fierce uruks " and "heavy-armed uruks ".
All these references are to the Orcs of Mordor. In App. A we have two uses of the term 'uruks' once in reference to Mordor "In the last years of Denethor I the race of uruks, black orcs of great strength, first appeared out of Mordor" , and once in reference to Saruman "Others [Orcs] also came down from the Misty Mountains , many being great uruks in the service of Saruman, though it was long before that was suspected".
With this second we have the first use of the term 'Uruks' for Saruman's Uruk-hai. F there is also the following passage: " Orcs and the Black Speech. Orc is the form of the name that other races had for this foul people as it was in the language of Rohan. Related, no doubt, was the word uruk of the Black Speech, though this was applied as a rule only to the great soldier-orcs that at this time issued from Mordor and Isengard.
The lesser kinds were called, especially by the Uruk-hai, snaga 'slave'. There are a few other uses of the term 'Uruks' and 'Urukhai' in the available corpus, including App. From the Fords of Isen narrative and the App. A statement as well as App. F, it is undoubted that the great soldier-orcs of Isengard can be called 'Uruks' or 'Uruk-hai'. But what of the great soldier-orcs of Mordor? We have one instance of an Uruk using the term 'Uruks'; as cited above Gorbag refers to 'poor Uruks' in a converstion with Shagrat, but that is not necessarily what he said, but rather what Sam 'heard'.
Both Shagrat and Gorbag are captains in Mordor's armies and they do not seem to have been speaking Westron. It is possible that they were speaking the Black Speech App. That Sam was able to understand the two seems to be an effect of the Ring , which he was wearing at the time: "He heard them both clearly, and he understood what they said.
Perhaps the Ring gave understanding of tongues, or simply understanding, especially of the servants of Sauron its maker, so that if he gave heed, he understood and translated the thought to himself. Certainly the Ring had grown greatly in power as it approached the places of its forging; but one thing it did not confer, and that was courage.
At present Sam still thought only of hiding, of lying low till all was quiet again; and he listened anxiously. He could not tell how near the voices were, the words seemed almost in his ears. This is, of course, not provable, but possible within the context of the story. We also have one instance of a Mordor Orc explicitly using the term 'Uruk-hai'. Frodo and Sam overhear a soldier stating his orders to his tracker companion "First they say it's a great Elf in bright armour, then it's a sort of small dwarf-man, then it must be a pack of rebel Uruk-hai; or maybe it's all the lot together" which a "Higher Up" has sent them out to look for.
These relate back to the events at Cirith Ungol. What is it, d'you think? Elvish it looked to me, but undersized. What's the danger in a thing like that? Very funny indeed! Sam smiled grimly at this description of himself. Well, come on somebody! When Snaga and Sam encounter each other: "[Snaga] stopped short aghast. For what it saw was not a small frightened hobbit trying to hold a steady sword : it saw a great silent shape, cloaked in a grey shadow, looming against the wavering light behind; in one hand it held a sword, the very light of which was a bitter pain, the other was clutched at its breast, but held concealed some nameless menace of power and doom.
For a moment the orc crouched, and then with a hideous yelp of fear it turned and fled back as it had come. Never was any dog more heartened when its enemy turned tail than Sam at this unexpected flight.
With a shout he gave chase. The Elf-warrior is loose! Just you show me the way up, or I'll skin you! He's coming here, I tell you. You heard the bell. Uruk-hai, however, were created much later and lacked many of the weaknesses of their forbearers. The Lord of the Rings described Uruk-hai as a new kind of orc: stronger, taller and able to move in the daytime without ill effects. The Peter Jackson movies clarified matters significantly. The films even go into the process, as green orcish overseers birth Uruk-hai out of unsettling cocoon-pods.
Mordor orcs are smaller and greener than the Uruk-hai in the movies, and the intra-orc clashes tended to fall between the two types. Jackson retains the differences between them by having Gandalf call attention to how the new black orcs can move swiftly in broad daylight, and Sauron is breeding normal orcs with goblin-men to create them.
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