His factory provided arms for the Russian Army during the Crimean War in the s. But in , a few years after the war ended and the demand for arms fell away, the business went bankrupt. Alfred, who was living with his parents in St. Petersburg and had begun his chemistry studies there, now returned to Stockholm, where he pursued research into explosives, including work with nitroglycerin. Far from discouraging Nobel, the tragedy may even have galvanized him in his research and strengthened his resolve to find a safer alternative.
Three years later, in , Nobel stumbled on the discovery that would make him a household name. Purely by chance, he observed that the porous sedimentary rock known as diatomaceous earth has the property of absorbing nitroglycerin. On testing the resulting mixture he found, to his excitement, that it was an effective explosive but far more stable than pure nitroglycerin.
The discovery brought him immediate wealth and recognition. While others might have rested on their laurels, Nobel continued researching more effective weapons. In he invented a mixture of nitroglycerin and nitrocellulose that was more resistant to water and even more powerful than the original formulation of dynamite.
Alfred Nobel was only 63 when died at a villa in San Remo, Italy, in When his will was read to his relatives, there was, understandably, a huge interest in who would inherit his fortune. To their astonishment and anger, they were left only a fraction of it. What was it that prompted Alfred Nobel to create the endowment and the prestigious prizes? The answer may lie in a case of mistaken identity. In his brother Ludvig died. It has been suggested that Nobel was deeply affected by this incident, and it caused him to reflect on his legacy.
One of eight children, Alfred Nobel was a solitary man as an adult. He chose a simple life, secluded from society. Nobel never married and had few female friendships.
His constant travel kept him distant from relatives. Ascanio Sobrero, born on this day in , invented nitroglycerin. Sobrero, like Nobel, was a chemist who studied with professor J. Pelouze in Paris, according to the Nobel Prize website.
The oil this produced was incredibly explosive, writes Nobel biographer Kenne Fant, and Sobrero considered it too destructive and volatile to have any practical uses. To atone for this "accomplishment" and to relieve his conscience, he instituted his award for the promotion of peace.
Nobel did hold the naive belief that once the carnage of targeted explosions was unleashed upon the field, his explosives might bring a swift end to wars and battles. When one of his brothers died in , a French newspaper mistakenly ran "The merchant of death is dead" about Alfred. This event is believed to have played a role in solidifying Nobel's thoughts on using his wealth to create a better legacy.
He learned to communicate in several languages, specifically Swedish, Russian, English, French, and German. While in France, Nobel made contact with Ascanio Sobrero, who had invented an explosive liquid known as nitroglycerine. This meeting later influenced Nobel's work on controlled detonation explosives, leading to his invention of dynamite. Alfred Nobel patented well over inventions—several of which involved explosives—in the fields of biology, physiology, and optics. Despite his contributions to explosives technology, Alfred Nobel was a strong promoter of world peace.
Countess Bertha Kinsky, another strong advocate of peace, influenced Nobel's pacifist tendencies. The Countess and Nobel became good friends when she worked briefly as his private secretary.
Since , when the first award was given out, the Nobel Prize foundation, and in , the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded times.
If Nobel intended to rebuild his legacy, it was successful because his name is more closely associated with the peace prize than explosives technology. The Nobel prize is given in several subjects, reflecting Nobel's diverse interests and abilities. These subjects are physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace, and economic sciences. The prize includes a medal, a diploma, and a cash award. The Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden, is the organization responsible for overseeing and administering the funds.
Many influential economists have been recognized with a Nobel Prize from the financial world, including Paul Samuelson , Friedrich Hayek , and Milton Friedman. Alfred Nobel never married nor had any children, and he left his wealth in a trust that was used to fund the Nobel Prizes, awarded annually since Alfred Nobel created a trust and wrote out directions to use the money in the trust to create five prizes to honor women and men for their outstanding achievements in chemistry, physics, physiology or medicine, literature, and work towards peace.
The accomplishments were required to be work that benefited humankind. Alfred Nobel was born into a wealthy family but he amassed his own fortune in munitions and explosives, among other endeavors, during his lifetime.
Audrey: My father has a heart condition. He needs his medication. Medical Use. In pharmaceutical form, nitroglycerin sometimes called glyceryl trinitrate, probably to prevent alarming patients is used as a heart medication, which is unlike its unstable counterpart, as it cannot be rendered even slightly explosive. Angina occurs when the coronary arteries become constricted ischemia and are incapable of carrying sufficient oxygen to the heart muscle, resulting in suffocating chest pain.
Nitroglycerin is converted to nitric oxide a natural vasodilator within the body, which in turn causes the coronary artery blood vessels surrounding the heart to dilate, increasing blood flow and thereby improving the oxygen supply to the heart. As a result chest pains subside as the blood pressure decreases and the heart rate increases. Although nitroglycerin only controls chest pains, it does not cure the condition i. Also it may lose effectiveness over long periods of use.
Nitroglycerin has the following side effects as the body adjusts to the medication:. Constricted artery leads to high blood pressure and an increased heart rate. After nitroglycerin administration.
A rtery dilates, improving blood flow; alleviating chest pain. Go Back to Top of Page. Nitroglycerin has the following side effects as the body adjusts to the medication: Headaches Flushing Rapid heartbeat Restlessness.
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