The Great Depression and World War II brought increasing economic woes to South Africa, and convinced the government to strengthen its policies of racial segregation. By , the government had banned marriages between whites and people of other races, and prohibited sexual relations between black and white South Africans.
The Population Registration Act of provided the basic framework for apartheid by classifying all South Africans by race, including Bantu black Africans , Coloured mixed race and white. A fourth category, Asian meaning Indian and Pakistani was later added. In some cases, the legislation split families; parents could be classified as white, while their children were classified as colored. In order to limit contact between the races, the government established separate public facilities for whites and non-whites, limited the activity of nonwhite labor unions and denied non-white participation in national government.
Separating black South Africans from each other enabled the government to claim there was no black majority and reduced the possibility that blacks would unify into one nationalist organization.
From to , more than 3. Resistance to apartheid within South Africa took many forms over the years, from non-violent demonstrations, protests and strikes to political action and eventually to armed resistance. Together with the South Indian National Congress, the ANC organized a mass meeting in , during which attendees burned their pass books.
The group had arrived at the police station without passes, inviting arrest as an act of resistance. At least 67 blacks were killed and more than wounded. Sharpesville convinced many anti-apartheid leaders that they could not achieve their objectives by peaceful means, and both the PAC and ANC established military wings, neither of which ever posed a serious military threat to the state.
In , the ANC sent a deputation to London to plead for a new deal for South African blacks, but there was no change to their position. The history of resistance by the ANC goes through three phases. The first was dialogue and petition; the second direct opposition and the last the period of exiled armed struggle. In , just after apartheid was introduced, the ANC started on a more militant path, with the Youth League playing a more important role.
The ANC introduced their Programme of Action in , supporting strike action, protests and other forms of non-violent resistance. This campaign called on people to purposefully break apartheid laws and offer themselves for arrest. It was hoped that the increase in prisoners would cause the system to collapse and get international support for the ANC. Black people got onto 'white buses', used 'white toilets', entered into 'white areas' and refused to use passes.
Despite 8 people ending up in jail, the ANC caused no threat to the apartheid regime. The ANC continued along the same path during the rest of the s, until in some members broke away and formed the PAC. These members wanted to follow a more violent and militant route, and felt that success could not be reached through the ANC's method. Background and policy of apartheid Before we can look at the history of the apartheid period it is necessary to understand what apartheid was and how it affected people.
What was apartheid? Original architects of Apartheid Image source Apartheid Laws Numerous laws were passed in the creation of the apartheid state. Here are a few of the pillars on which it rested: Population Registration Act, This Act demanded that people be registered according to their racial group.
Some other important laws were the: Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, Immorality Amendment Act, Separate Representation of Voters Act, Resistance before Resistance to apartheid came from all circles, and not only, as is often presumed, from those who suffered the negative effects of discrimination. Further Reading. The defeat of the confederates in the South was not only devastating to the landscape and people, but also to the morals of the people.
These contracts set terms that nearly bound the signer to permanent and unrestricted labor, which was slavery, but with different name DOC 4. As it was a whites organized secret societies to prevent blacks from. Introduction Apartheid was an official barrier which separated the different races in South Africa, namely the black South Africans and the white Afrikaans South Africans. Although Apartheid ended 20 years ago when Nelson Mandela was elected president, Apartheid still plays a large role in South African History.
Apartheid began long before it was officially named Apartheid in by the leading political party, National Party. The separation between the black and white people of South Africa began around the time Jan Van Riebeek arrived in the Cape in Since then the segregation escalated due to events which caused hatred between the two races.
Apartheid began because the two races had very different views on living; Afrikaners began to believe that they were superior to the black people in South Africa.
Due to the Afrikaans perspective, Afrikaans nationalism was enhanced because they thoroughly believed that the segregation had to take place because God wanted to set the Boer Nation apart.
The Afrikaans nation had faced a brutal war in the late s against a British regime who were interested in South Africa because the country was rich in diamonds. However, the Afrikaners were not prepared to leave their country and so the South African War began. Women and children were placed in concentration camps while the men were at war. Due to the. Show More. Nat Turner's Rebellion Against Whites And Slave Words 2 Pages Short term impact: Nat Turner led a rebellion against whites and slave owners, killed 55 people and left whites terrified that there would be other slave rebellions so they made more severe slave codes.
In , the first significant, non-violent political campaign took place — the Defiance Campaign. For four months, more than 8, volunteers deliberately flouted the laws of apartheid by refusing to carry passes, violating curfews and using public places and facilities designated for white-use only. Other episodes of resistance took place throughout the period, including demonstrations, protests, strikes, political action and eventually armed resistance.
In , one act of protest saw at least 69 unarmed black people killed and wounded when the police opened fire at a protest in the poor black township of Sharpesville. His story became famous around the world.
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