The colonial power officially recognized Mexico as its own country on August 24, Also in recognition of the th anniversary of the Spanish conquest, Indigenous members of the Zapatista movement are traveling by boat to Spain, report David Agren and Sam Jones for the Guardian. The group is trying to draw attention to continuing global inequality and Indigenous resistance. Middle History Skilled warriors, the Aztecs dominated all of Mesoamerica during this era, making some allies but even more enemies.
Moctezuma sent gifts to the Spanish, hoping they would depart and spare his city. The Spanish then built Mexico City on the ruins of the once great city. During the colonial period , Mexico City was one of the most important cities in the Americas. Although the native Indians needed work permits to enter the Spanish-dominated city, the population inevitably intermingled and created the Mestizo class, mixed-blood citizens who eventually became a political force.
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the caste system prevailed in Mexico City, separating the population into complex ethnic divisions including the Mestizos, Criollos and Coyotes. The Catholic Church had great influence in the city, and religious orders like the Franciscans, Marists and Jesuits established convents and missions throughout Mexico.
Political power remained in the hands of the Spaniards born in Spain, but by the 18th century, the Criollo class descendants of the Spanish who were born in the Americas had grown in number and social power. Hidalgo had begun attending meetings of educated criollos who were agitating for a large-scale uprising of mestizos and indigenous peasants.
Discontent with Spanish rule was spreading rapidly throughout the country. When rumors of military intervention by the Spanish began, the priest decided it was time to act. Parishioners who came to hear mass on Sunday, September 16, , instead heard a call to arms. Sparked by the energy of the grassroots rebellion, militant revolutionary armies quickly formed under the leadership of men like Guadalupe Victoria and Vicente Guerreroboth.
The War of Independence lasted 11 years. As Mexico City grew, it became one large urban area. In , the 44th Article of the Constitution of Mexico officially declared Mexico City and the Distrito Federal to be a single entity. Street vending, for instance, is a city signature even today. It is said that the conquering soldiers looked out on them in and said they had never seen such a market, not even in Rome.
In the Spaniards established the Inquisition in New Spain and burned heretics at its palace headquarters, now a museum in Plaza de Santo Domingo. It took almost three centuries for Mexicans to rise up successfully against Spain. The historic downtown street 16 de Septiembre commemorates the "declaration" of Independence.
On that date in , Miguel Hidalgo, father of the Catholic Church -- and of a couple of illegitimate daughters -- rang a church bell and cried out his history-making grito shout : "Death to the gachupines! Flying in or out of Mexico City you get an aerial view of the remaining part of Lake Texcoco on the eastern outskirts of the city.
Unfortunately, the single most widely known fact about Mexico City is that its air is polluted. There's no denying the smog and nightmarish traffic, but strict legislation in recent years has led to cleaner air and, especially after the summer rains, the city has some of the clearest, bluest skies anywhere. Stylish, modernistic with bold yellow and pink walls, the Camino Real was designed by Mexican architect Ricardo Legorreta. Luxurious and original, this Mexico City hotel is renowned for a huge mural in the entrance lobby by artist Rufino Tamayo.
Spacious guest rooms offer views over a delightful garden and large pool with terrace. Convention facilities include a business centre and meeting rooms, shops and a gym. A mirrored lobby is adorned with fountains and Mexican tiles. Choose a room overlooking the square for bird's eye views of the daily ceremonial raising of the flag at A shrine to art nouveau styling, this is one of the most elegant and original hotels in Mexico City.
The lobby has a cathedral-like quality, with a stunning coloured-glass window canopy overhead, ornate wrought iron balconies and lifts at either end. The rooms all have art nouveau touches and TVs.
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